If you’re searching for a bicycle mileage tracker, you’re likely looking to monitor your rides accurately without hassle. The best overall pick is the GPS Bike Computer Wireless Bicycle Speedometer, offering precise tracking and easy setup. For those seeking affordability, the Cateye Wired Bike Computer provides reliable basic functions at a lower price. Meanwhile, the CYCPLUS GPS Bike Computer stands out with professional data analysis and a large battery. These options highlight the main tradeoffs: higher accuracy and features often come with increased cost and complexity. Keep reading for a detailed comparison to help you find the perfect fit for your cycling needs.
Key Takeaways
- Wireless GPS trackers generally offer more accurate data and easier installation compared to wired models.
- Entry-level options like Cateye wired computers are suitable for casual riders but lack advanced features.
- Battery life varies significantly; high-end models often include larger batteries for longer use.
- Waterproofing and backlight features are common but vary in quality, affecting usability in different weather conditions.
- Price correlates with feature set; more expensive models provide professional data analysis and multi-functionality.
| bicycle mileage tracker | Battery Life | Display |
|---|---|---|
| GPS Bike Computer Wireless Bic | 28 Hours | — |
| Wireless GPS Bike Computer wit | 28 hours | 2.4 Inch LCD |
| Bike Computer and Bicycle Odom | — | LCD with backlight |
| CATEYE Urban Wireless Bike Com | — | — |
| Bike Computer | — | LCD |
| Wireless GPS Bike Computer wit | 28 Hours | — |
| SY Bicycle Speedometer and Odo | — | LCD |
| Cateye Wired Bike Computer | Up to 3 years | Current, max, and average speed, total distance, trip distance, elapsed time, clock |
| Wireless GPS Bike Computer wit | 28 Hours | — |
| CYCPLUS GPS Bike Computer | Over 55 hours | — |
| Wireless GPS Bike Computer wit | 28 hours | — |
| 2026 Wireless Bike Computer an | — | Backlit, night visibility |
More Details on Our Top Picks
GPS Bike Computer Wireless Bicycle Speedometer Odometer with 2.4 Inch LCD, Auto Backlight, Waterproof, Supports MPH/KMH, 9 Languages
This GPS bike computer stands out for delivering precise ride data with GPS tracking, making it a top choice compared to the wired Bike Computer and Bicycle Odometer Wired MPH KM/H, which relies on wired sensors and is less flexible. The large 2.4-inch LCD with auto backlight ensures clear visibility in all conditions, and its wireless setup simplifies installation. However, its dependency on GPS signals limits accuracy in tunnels or urban canyons, and long rides may drain the 28-hour battery faster than expected. Compared to other GPS options like the Wireless GPS Bike Computer with 2.4 Inch LCD, this model emphasizes multi-language support and rugged waterproofing, but at the cost of slightly higher complexity in setup for some users unfamiliar with GPS devices.
Pros:- Accurate GPS tracking for speed, distance, and ride metrics
- Large, easy-to-read LCD display with auto backlight
- Wireless setup for quick installation
- Supports multiple languages for international riders
Cons:- Dependent on GPS signals, limiting accuracy indoors or in tunnels
- Battery life may be insufficient for very long rides
Best for: Cyclists who prioritize accurate outdoor ride metrics and need multilingual support for international use
Not ideal for: Indoor cyclists or those riding in urban tunnels where GPS signals are obstructed, leading to less reliable data
- Display Size:2.4 Inches
- Display Type:LCD
- Battery Life:28 Hours
- Sensor Type:GPS, Cycling Sensor
- Connectivity:Wireless
- Protection Rating:IPX7
Our verdict“This pick is best for outdoor cyclists needing reliable, multi-lingual GPS tracking, despite some signal limitations.”
Wireless GPS Bike Computer with 2.4 Inch LCD, Waterproof, Auto Backlight, Supports MPH/KMH, 9 Languages
Compared with the GPS Bike Computer Wireless Bicycle Speedometer, this model offers extended 28-hour battery life, making it well-suited for long-distance rides and training sessions. Its large LCD with auto backlight provides clear data even in low light, and the multi-language support enhances usability for international cyclists. However, it requires a clear GPS signal, which can be tricky in urban settings or tunnels, and lacks additional sensors like cadence or heart rate monitors, limiting its scope for detailed fitness tracking. This device excels in providing dependable GPS data over extended rides but may not satisfy cyclists seeking comprehensive health metrics or advanced sensor integrations.
Pros:- Up to 28 hours of battery life for extended use
- Accurate GPS tracking of speed, distance, and altitude
- Large display with auto backlight for easy reading
- Supports multiple languages for diverse users
Cons:- Requires clear GPS signal, less accurate indoors or in tunnels
- No included sensors for cadence or heart rate
Best for: Serious cyclists doing long-distance rides or training who need durable, long-lasting GPS data
Not ideal for: Urban cyclists or indoor trainers where GPS signals are weak or unnecessary, and detailed fitness metrics are desired
- Display:2.4 Inch LCD
- Battery Life:28 hours
- Waterproof:IPX7
- Languages:9
- Supported Units:MPH, KMH
Our verdict“Ideal for long-distance riders needing durable GPS with long battery life, though less suitable for indoor or urban environments.”
Bike Computer and Bicycle Odometer Wired MPH KM/H Bike Speedometer with Automatic Wake-Up LCD Display
This wired bike computer offers a broad range of functions, including speed, riding time, calories, and temperature, making it a versatile choice compared to simpler models like the CATEYE Urban Wireless Bike Computer. Its automatic wake-up feature conserves battery and provides convenience, while the waterproof design supports all-weather riding. However, the wired setup limits flexibility and can complicate installation on bikes with complex frames. Its temperature measurement may also be less accurate in heavy rain or extreme conditions. This device fits well for riders who want detailed ride metrics and a reliable night display but may be less appealing for those seeking wireless simplicity or quick setup.
Pros:- Multiple ride metrics including speed, time, and calories
- Waterproof and suitable for all weather conditions
- Automatic wake-up for convenience
- Clear backlight for night riding
Cons:- Wired sensors reduce installation flexibility
- Temperature readings may be inaccurate in heavy rain
Best for: Cyclists needing comprehensive ride data with a wired setup for durability and night riding conditions
Not ideal for: Casual or beginner cyclists who prefer wireless, easy-to-install options or electric bikes incompatible with wired sensors
- Functions:Speed, average, max, time, distance, calories, temperature
- Display:LCD with backlight
- Waterproof:IPX6
- Power:Automatic wake-up
- Compatibility:Road, mountain, folding bikes
Our verdict“Best suited for riders who want extensive riding data with a reliable wired system, despite installation complexity.”
CATEYE Urban Wireless Bike Computer – Analog Speedometer & Odometer with Calorie Tracking, FlexTight Mount, Auto Start/Stop, Programmable Odometer
This model offers straightforward setup and essential ride data tracking, making it ideal compared to the more advanced Wireless GPS Bike Computer with Auto Backlight. Its wireless sensor simplifies installation and provides accurate speed and distance readings, while the auto start/stop feature conserves battery. The programmable odometer adds flexibility for tracking specific goals. However, its focus on front wheel compatibility limits versatility, especially on bikes with different wheel configurations, and it lacks advanced fitness metrics like heart rate or cadence. This computer works well for casual riders and commuters seeking reliable, easy-to-use data without the complexity of GPS or extra sensors.
Pros:- Easy to mount with FlexTight™ bracket
- Automatic stop detection saves time and data
- Wireless sensor with accurate speed measurement
- Programmable odometer for goal setting
Cons:- Limited to front wheel use, reducing versatility
- No advanced fitness metrics like heart rate or cadence
Best for: Urban commuters or casual cyclists seeking a simple, reliable, and easy-to-install speedometer
Not ideal for: Performance-focused cyclists or those wanting detailed fitness metrics or compatibility with various bike types like recumbents
- Display Stats:Current, max, average speed, total and trip distance, elapsed time, calories, pace, clock
- Odometer:Manual, programmable
- Mounting:FlexTight™ bracket
- Sensor:Wireless analog speed sensor
Our verdict“A solid choice for casual riders and commuters needing straightforward, reliable speed and distance tracking.”
Bike Computer, Waterproof Cycling Computer with LCD Display and Multi-Functions
This waterproof bike computer provides fundamental ride data like speed, max speed, average speed, mileage, and riding time, comparable to the Bike Computer and Bicycle Odometer Wired but with the advantage of wireless operation and easier installation. Its simple LCD display and auto wake-up feature make it suitable for casual cyclists who want basic metrics without extra fuss. The device’s waterproof design ensures reliability in rainy conditions, yet it doesn’t include advanced features or sensors for detailed fitness tracking. If your needs are limited to tracking speed and distance reliably, this model offers a straightforward, budget-friendly option, but it won’t satisfy those seeking multi-sensor integration or advanced analysis.
Pros:- Accurately tracks speed, distance, and riding time
- Waterproof for rainy conditions
- Easy to install and operate
- Auto wake-up for convenience
Cons:- Limited to basic functions without advanced features
- Cannot be submerged for long periods in water
Best for: Beginner cyclists or fitness enthusiasts who want a simple, waterproof device for basic ride metrics
Not ideal for: Advanced cyclists or those wanting detailed health metrics or compatibility with electric bikes
- Waterproof:Yes
- Display:LCD
- Auto Wake-Up:Yes
- Compatibility:Road, mountain, folding bikes
- Measurement Functions:Speed, max speed, average speed, mileage, riding time
Our verdict“A practical and reliable option for beginners or casual riders focused on core ride data without complexity.”
Wireless GPS Bike Computer with Auto Backlight, Waterproof Cycling Speedometer & Odometer
This wireless GPS bike computer stands out for its high accuracy and comprehensive ride data, making it ideal for serious cyclists who want detailed metrics without the clutter of extra features. Compared with the SY Bicycle Speedometer, it offers GPS-based tracking, which means no wheel sensor setup and better route tracking. However, it lacks advanced training features like power analysis or heart rate monitoring, which some competitors include. The waterproof design and long battery life make it dependable in all weather conditions. Its main limitation is that it focuses on core metrics, which might disappoint users seeking training analytics. This pick is best suited for riders who prioritize accurate, straightforward tracking over training complexity.
Pros:- Accurate GPS tracking with detailed ride data
- Automatic backlight for easy reading in all lighting conditions
- Wireless setup eliminates cables and sensor fuss
- Waterproof rating (IPX7) for all-weather use
Cons:- Limited to basic cycling metrics—no heart rate or power data
- Battery life may fluctuate with usage intensity
- Handlebar mounting might not fit all bikes
Best for: Cyclists who want precise, detailed ride data with minimal setup and no training extras
Not ideal for: Cyclists interested in advanced training metrics or integrated heart rate monitoring
- Display Size:2.4 Inches
- Display Type:LCD
- Battery Life:28 Hours
- Sensor Type:GPS, Cycling Sensor
- Battery Type:Lithium Ion
- Protection Rating:IPX7
Our verdict“Best for riders seeking precise, reliable GPS tracking without extra training features.”
SY Bicycle Speedometer and Odometer Wireless Waterproof Cycle Bike Computer with LCD Display & Multi-Functions by YS
This model makes the most sense for casual cyclists and fitness enthusiasts who want a simple, reliable device. Its wireless design and waterproof construction make it a durable choice for everyday use, especially when compared to wired options like the Cateye Wired Bike Computer. The large LCD display with backlight ensures visibility in low-light conditions, but it offers fewer metrics than GPS-based devices, focusing mainly on speed, distance, and ride time. Its straightforward setup and auto wake-up feature reduce fuss, but it lacks advanced metrics like altitude or gradient, limiting its appeal for mountain bikers or those seeking detailed ride analytics. This pick is ideal for riders who want a no-frills, durable computer for basic cycling stats.
Pros:- Wireless and waterproof for durability
- Bright backlight for day/night visibility
- Easy, quick installation
- Measures speed, distance, and riding time
Cons:- Limited to basic metrics—no altitude or gradient data
- May not be compatible with some electric bikes
- Normal rattle sounds during operation
Best for: Casual cyclists and fitness riders seeking a simple, waterproof cycle computer
Not ideal for: Experienced cyclists or mountain bikers wanting detailed metrics or GPS features
- Auto Wake-up:Yes
- Display:LCD
- Waterproof:Yes
- Functions:Speed, distance, riding time
- Backlight:Yes
- Installation:Easy, quick
Our verdict“Ideal for riders who need a straightforward, durable device for daily cycling metrics.”
Cateye Wired Bike Computer – Entry-Level Speedometer and Odometer for Beginners
This wired bike computer is designed specifically for new cyclists, offering essential stats like current, max, and average speed, along with total and trip distance. It’s a straightforward choice compared to wireless models like the SY Bicycle Speedometer because it’s more reliable in areas with poor signal, thanks to its wired connection. The long battery life of up to three years significantly reduces maintenance, but the wired setup can be less convenient, especially on bikes with complex handlebars or for those who prefer minimal cables. Its automatic stop detection adds convenience, but it doesn’t include advanced metrics such as altitude or gradient, which limits its scope for mountain bikers or training-focused riders. This device fits beginners or casual riders looking for easy, reliable basic tracking.
Pros:- Easy to set up and use for beginners
- Automatic stop detection saves time
- Battery life up to three years reduces hassle
- Suitable for multiple bike types
Cons:- Wired connection can be less flexible and less sleek
- Limited advanced features for experienced cyclists
- Basic metrics only, no altitude or gradient
Best for: Beginner cyclists or riders who prefer wired simplicity and long-term reliability
Not ideal for: Advanced riders or those seeking GPS or advanced training metrics
- Display:Current, max, and average speed, total distance, trip distance, elapsed time, clock
- Auto Stop:Yes
- Battery Life:Up to 3 years
- Compatibility:Road, MTB, Gravel Bikes
Our verdict“Best for beginners or casual riders who want a long-lasting, simple wired computer without extra features.”
Wireless GPS Bike Computer with Auto Backlight, Waterproof Cycling Speedometer & Odometer
For cyclists who demand comprehensive ride data and premium features, this GPS-based computer offers detailed metrics like altitude, temperature, and gradient, surpassing simpler models such as the SY Bicycle Speedometer. It’s particularly suited for mountain bikers or long-distance riders who want to track elevation changes and environmental conditions. Its bright LCD display with automatic backlight ensures visibility regardless of lighting, and the waterproof design makes it reliable in all weather. The main tradeoff is its focus on core metrics without advanced training tools like power or heart rate, and battery life may decrease with prolonged use of backlight and GPS. The handlebar mount fits most bikes but could be incompatible with some custom setups. This is ideal for experienced riders who want detailed, accurate GPS data in all conditions.
Pros:- Accurate GPS tracking with comprehensive metrics
- Bright, automatic backlit display for day/night use
- Wireless setup with no wheel sensors needed
- Waterproof IPX7 rating for all weather conditions
Cons:- Limited to basic cycling metrics—no training analytics
- Battery life can vary with extensive backlight or GPS use
- Handlebar mounting may not fit all bikes
Best for: Experienced cyclists seeking detailed GPS data, including altitude and gradient, for mountain or long-distance rides
Not ideal for: Casual riders or those wanting basic metrics or integrated training features
- Display Size:2.4 Inches
- Display Type:LCD
- Battery Life:28 Hours
- Sensor Type:GPS, Cycling Sensor
- Battery:Lithium Ion
- Protection Rating:IPX7
Our verdict“Designed for serious cyclists who need detailed GPS data and weather resilience in a high-end device.”
CYCPLUS GPS Bike Computer, Wireless Cycling Computer with Automatic Backlight, Waterproof, Large Battery, Professional Data Analysis
The CYCPLUS GPS Bike Computer stands out for its highly accurate GPS positioning and extensive battery life, making it ideal for serious cyclists who need detailed ride analytics. Unlike the simpler wired or basic models, this device offers fast, high-sensitivity GPS with a clear display, even in bright sunlight, thanks to its automatic backlight. Its waterproof design and 55+ hours of battery life make it a reliable companion for long-distance or all-weather rides. However, the manual data clearing process can be cumbersome, and the automatic sleep mode occasionally requires manual intervention to reactivate features. Compared to the Wireless GPS Bike Computer with 2.4 Inch LCD, this model provides longer endurance and more precise data, but at a higher complexity and slightly larger size. This pick makes the most sense for cyclists who prioritize data accuracy and extended use over simplicity.Pros:- High-precision GPS with fast response times
- Large, glare-free display with automatic backlight
- Waterproof design suitable for all weather conditions
- Over 55 hours of continuous battery life
Cons:- Manual data clearing can be inconvenient
- Automatic sleep mode may require manual restart
Best for: Dedicated cyclists and data enthusiasts who need detailed performance tracking on long rides
Not ideal for: Casual riders or beginners who prefer simple, plug-and-play devices without manual data management
- GPS Positioning:High sensitivity, accurate, fast
- Display Technology:FSTN
- Backlight:Automatic, glare-free
- Waterproof Rating:IPX6
- Battery Capacity:1200mAh
- Battery Life:Over 55 hours
- Sleep Mode:Automatic after 10 minutes of inactivity
Our verdict“This device is best for serious cyclists demanding accurate, long-lasting GPS tracking and comprehensive data analysis.”
Wireless GPS Bike Computer with 2.4 Inch LCD, Waterproof, Supports MPH/KMH, 9 Languages, Auto Backlight
This Wireless GPS Bike Computer offers a straightforward, wireless setup, making it perfect for riders who want reliable data without fuss. Its 2.4-inch LCD provides clear visibility, though some may find it small compared to larger screens like the 2026 Wireless Bike Computer. It tracks speed, distance, and ride time accurately and supports multiple languages, broadening its appeal for international users. The rechargeable battery lasts up to 28 hours, which is sufficient for most rides but less than the CYCPLUS’s extended endurance. Its waterproof rating of IPX7 ensures durability in rain, but the absence of sensor integration limits its ability to provide data beyond GPS metrics. This device is ideal for road and mountain bikers who want a simple, wireless device that covers basic needs efficiently.Pros:- Reliable GPS tracking with easy wireless installation
- Clear, sizable LCD display
- Supports 9 languages for global compatibility
- Rechargeable battery with 28 hours of use
Cons:- Limited to GPS data, no sensor support
- Small display size may be less comfortable for some
- Requires compatible handlebar sizes for mounting
Best for: Casual to intermediate cyclists seeking easy installation and reliable GPS data with multi-language support
Not ideal for: Advanced users needing sensor integration or ultra-long battery life for extended tours
- Display Size:2.4 inches
- Battery Life:28 hours
- Waterproof Rating:IPX7
- Languages Supported:9
- Mount Type:Out front
- Handlebar Compatibility:25.4mm and 31.8mm
Our verdict“This model is well-suited for riders who want an easy-to-use GPS tracker with multi-language support and decent battery life for everyday rides.”
2026 Wireless Bike Computer and Odometer with Multi-Functions
The 2026 Wireless Bike Computer combines multiple metrics like speed, calories, temperature, and riding time in one device, making it ideal for fitness-focused cyclists. Its backlit display ensures visibility during night rides, and auto wake-up simplifies operation. Unlike the more specialized GPS-only options, this model offers additional features like calorie and temperature monitoring, which appeal to those tracking overall fitness. However, its water resistance rating of IPX6 is slightly lower than the IPX7 models, and limited info on battery life raises questions about endurance. Compatibility with a variety of bike types makes it versatile, but some electric bikes might not be fully supported. This device benefits riders who want comprehensive data for both performance and health tracking, especially in diverse weather conditions.Pros:- Multiple riding metrics including calories and temperature
- Auto wake-up and backlit display for convenience
- Waterproof design suitable for rainy conditions
- Compatible with various bicycle types
Cons:- Limited information on battery life
- Water resistance rating of IPX6 slightly less robust than IPX7
- May not support some electric bike systems
Best for: Fitness enthusiasts and performance riders who want detailed metrics beyond basic GPS data
Not ideal for: Casual cyclists or those with electric bikes that might not be compatible or need simpler data
- Functions:Speed, average, maximum, riding time, distance, calories, temperature
- Display:Backlit, night visibility
- Waterproof:IPX6
- Compatibility:Road bikes, mountain bikes, folding bikes
- Auto Wake-up:Yes
- Battery:Not specified
Our verdict“This multifunctional device is perfect for cyclists seeking detailed health and performance data in a single, durable package.”

How We Picked
The products were evaluated based on performance accuracy, ease of installation, build quality, battery life, and available features. We prioritized models that balance functionality with user-friendliness, making sure to include options for both casual riders and enthusiasts. The ranking reflects an overall assessment of value, reliability, and versatility—favoring devices that provide consistent tracking without unnecessary complexity. Special attention was given to waterproofing and display clarity, as these impact real-world durability and usability. Our goal was to highlight products that meet a range of cycling needs, from basic mileage tracking to detailed performance analysis.Factors to Consider When Choosing Bicycle Mileage Tracker
Choosing the right bicycle mileage tracker depends on your riding style, budget, and desired features. To make an informed decision, consider the following factors that impact usability and value beyond just brand names and price tags.Accuracy and GPS Functionality
Accurate distance measurement is fundamental, especially if you track performance or plan routes. GPS-based trackers generally provide higher accuracy and additional route data, but they may drain the battery faster and be more expensive. Wired speedometers tend to be simpler, often sufficient for basic mileage tracking, but can be less precise in some conditions. Consider your riding environment and whether precise GPS data justifies the extra cost and potential complexity.
Ease of Installation and Use
Ease of setup can significantly influence your overall experience. Wireless models typically offer straightforward installation without the need for wires, making them ideal for quick setup and removal. Wired options might require more effort but can be more durable and less prone to signal interference. User interface and display readability are also key; a clear, backlit LCD makes data accessible even in low light. Think about your comfort with tech and whether you prefer plug-and-play or a more permanent setup.
Battery Life and Durability
Long battery life is vital if you frequently go on extended rides. Many high-end GPS models feature rechargeable batteries designed to last several hours, but some budget options may need frequent recharging or have limited runtime. Waterproofing and rugged build quality are equally important, especially if you ride in adverse weather conditions. Investing in a tracker with robust construction reduces the risk of damage, ensuring consistent tracking over time.
Additional Features and Data
Beyond basic mileage, consider what extra data you want—calories burned, speed averages, route mapping, or professional data analysis. More advanced models often include multi-functionality, providing insights that can help improve your performance. However, additional features can also increase complexity and cost. Clarify your priorities to avoid paying for functions you won’t use, and ensure the device’s interface is intuitive enough to access the data you need.
Price and Value
Price generally correlates with features, accuracy, and build quality. Basic wired models are more affordable but lack some of the precision and convenience of GPS-based trackers. Mid-range devices strike a balance, offering good accuracy and essential features without breaking the bank. Premium options deliver professional-grade data and durability but are best suited for serious cyclists or those who rely on detailed metrics. Decide your budget in relation to how much value you get from the additional features.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will a bicycle mileage tracker work with all types of bikes?
Most bicycle mileage trackers are designed to be compatible with a wide range of bikes, including road, mountain, and hybrid bikes. Wireless GPS models often rely on sensors that can be mounted on different frame types, while wired models typically connect to the front wheel or crank. However, some features like wheel size calibration may need adjustment depending on your bike’s specifications. Always check the compatibility details provided by the manufacturer to ensure it fits your bike type and setup.
How accurate are GPS bike computers compared to traditional wired speedometers?
GPS bike computers generally provide higher accuracy for distance and route tracking, especially over longer rides and in open areas with clear satellite signals. Wired speedometers can be very reliable for measuring speed and distance on smooth roads but may experience errors due to wheel slippage or calibration issues. For performance tracking, GPS options tend to offer more comprehensive data, but they rely heavily on satellite signals and battery life. Weigh your need for precision against potential signal loss or power constraints.
Do I need a smartphone to use a GPS bicycle mileage tracker?
Many GPS bike computers can operate independently once set up, providing data directly on their built-in screens. However, some models require pairing with a smartphone app for setup, firmware updates, or accessing detailed analytics. If you prefer a device that works without additional devices, look for standalone models with onboard memory and display. Conversely, smartphone-integrated options might offer more features but depend on your phone’s battery and connectivity.
Can I use a bicycle mileage tracker for indoor cycling on a stationary trainer?
Most GPS-based trackers are designed for outdoor use and rely on satellite signals, making them unsuitable for indoor riding. Wired speedometers that measure wheel rotation can work with stationary trainers if mounted properly, but accuracy might vary depending on the setup. For indoor cycling, consider dedicated indoor cycle computers or apps that connect to smart trainers, providing more precise data and additional metrics tailored for stationary use.
Is it worth paying more for advanced features like route mapping or performance analysis?
Investing in advanced features makes sense if you are serious about tracking detailed performance metrics, planning routes, or analyzing your cycling data regularly. These features can motivate improvement and help you understand your riding habits better. However, for casual riders who mainly want to monitor distance and speed, basic models often suffice. Weigh the extra cost against your specific needs and how much value you expect to gain from the additional data and functionalities.











